First Quarter 2020 GDP/Home Sales Numbers Released and Yes...It's Bad

The U.S. economy shrank in the first quarter, and it will almost certainly get worse. A weak read on pending home sales is a bad omen for April sales data. 

The initial read on Q1 GDP confirms what many already knew: Large parts of the economy came to a crashing halt in March, the economic expansion has ended and a recession is almost certainly underway. The negative quarter – the first since a 1.1% decline in the first quarter of 2014, and largest since the Great Recession – was driven by a severe pullback in consumer spending and trade-related metrics. Consumer spending, which comprises about 2/3 of the overall economy, fell 7.6% in the three-month span ending in March, with spending on services falling 10.2%. But as bad as these numbers appear, the second quarter’s figures are poised to be far, far worse. 

Today’s release predominantly covers a period that preceded the coronavirus outbreak and includes data from just the few weeks of the economic shutdown that largely began in March. Businesses in some states weren’t forced to shut their doors until late March or even early April, and subsequent slowdowns – including a sharp reduction in spending and an unprecedented surge in layoffs — barely register in today’s report, if at all. It’s also common for initial GDP readings to be revised downward, sometimes sharply, in times of economic volatility. The initial reading of annualized GDP growth in Q4 2008 – the middle of the financial crisis – was -3.8%, a level that was later restated to -8.9%. 

Taken together, it’s likely that today’s numbers will be revised downward when they’re restated next month, and that economic growth in the current quarter will plunge to levels not seen since the Great Depression. Even so, the housing market was a surprisingly positive note in today’s GDP release. The seasonally-adjusted annual rate of residential fixed investment, which includes spending on home construction, grew 21% from last quarter. 

The monthly decline in March pending home sales — to their lowest level since 2011 — was disappointing in some ways, but not unexpected. Overall, today’s reading was in line with other housing indicators that have emerged in the last few weeks. Pending sales typically lead the official reading of existing home sales by 4-6 weeks, and most experts already expect April’s existing sales figures to decline sharply. Pending sales figures are often viewed as a forward-looking indicator of the housing market, but in today’s fast-moving, unprecedented times, today’s release in some ways already feels like old news.

But other, faster indicators tell a somewhat more optimistic housing story. One of these is the weekly read of for-purchase mortgage application activity, which showed purchase applications rebounding over the week ending April 24 after falling in early April to their lowest level in almost five years. 

And these gains may be starting to accelerate. For-purchase applications still sit 19.8% below their levels from a year ago, but they were down 35% year-over-year just two weeks ago – a strong improvement in a short period of time. According to the Mortgage Bankers Association, the nation’s ten largest states saw an increase in purchase activity this week from last, with Washington, California and New York among those that saw a double-digit percent increase over that span. 

Low rates and changing lending criteria appear to be playing a role. Rates last week hit the lowest point ever recorded by the Mortgage Bankers Association, while strict lending criteria and preferences are making for more attractive rates for those looking to purchase a home rather than refinance. All told, it is an encouraging sign for the housing market, and may suggest that a possible upturn in the market is indeed underway.

First Signs of Slowing Housing Market Due to Economic Shutdown

In the weeks ending March 21 and March 28, the number of newly-listed properties fell by 13.1% and 34% respectively when compared with the same period a year ago, Realtor.com found. This is an indication that home sellers may be holding off on listing their properties right now.

The pace of home-price growth also slowed notably in the latter half of the month, according to the report. Home list prices were only up 3.3% year-over-year for the week ending March 21, and 2.5% for the following week. This represented the slowest pace of listing price growth since Realtor.com started tracking this data in 2013

“Our inventory and listing data can provide some early insight into how housing markets may be impacted by COVID-19, but the situation and reactions to it are still rapidly evolving,” Realtor.com chief economist Danielle Hale wrote in the report. 

“The U.S. housing market had a good start to the year. Despite still-limited homes for sale, buyers were buying and builders were building,” she wrote. “The pandemic and virus-fighting measures appear to be disrupting that initial momentum as both buyers and sellers adopt a more cautious posture.”

Real-estate firms have taken steps to brace for the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. So-called iBuyers including Zillow (ZG) and Redfin (RDFN) that purchase homes from sellers and then sell them for a profit had wound down their home-buying operations in anticipation of an economic downturn. Real-estate brokers, including Redfin and Re/Max (RMAX) , had also shifted toward virtual home tours as open houses became verboten in the wake of social-distancing recommendations.

And other recent reports have shown additional signs of a slowdown in the housing market. LendingTree (TREE) released a report of Google (GOOG)  search data analyzing the popularity of the search term “homes for sale” across the country’s 50 largest metro areas. Searches for “homes for sale” have fallen across all 50 cities in the study from their peak levels in 2020 thus far.

Another sign that home sales will slump this spring: Mortgage applications. The volume of mortgage applications for loans used to purchase homes was down 24% compared with a year ago for the week ending March 27, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association. That’s in spite of mortgage rates being near historic lows. Comparatively, the volume of refinance applications was 168% higher than a year ago.

Before the coronavirus pandemic flared up, the U.S. housing market was on relatively solid footing. While the number of homes for sale remained low — constraining sales activity to an extent — demand among buyers was still quite high. Low mortgage rates had fueled an early start to the spring home-buying season, with homes selling four days faster in March when compared with 2019 levels, Realtor.com found.

The jump in jobless claims has stoked concerns of a repeat of the Great Recession and the foreclosure crisis that preceded it. But housing economists argue that this is unlikely to be the case.

“While housing led the recession in 2008-2009, this time it may be poised to bring us out of it,” Mark Fleming, chief economist for title insurance company First American Financial Corporation (FAF) , wrote in a report this week. Unlike in the 2000s, the housing market in the U.S. is not overbuilt, Fleming argued, making it less likely that a large swath of vacant properties will crater the home values for homeowners. Rising home values and stricter lending standards have also meant that homeowners are sitting on historically high amounts of home equity.

“The housing market will not go unscathed, as consumer confidence and a strong labor market are essential in the decision to purchase a home,” Fleming wrote. “Yet, this time, housing is a casualty of a public health crisis turned economic, not the cause of an economic crisis.”